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#APA FORMAT EXAMPLE BOOK MANUAL#

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and “pp.” for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash).

If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence case): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds " "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry.".

If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and use title case capitalization in the text: The Closing of the American Mind The Wizard of Oz Friends.

Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo.".

When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs.

( Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.) Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.

If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change.

Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference. One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998).

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998) finds).

#APA FORMAT EXAMPLE BOOK MANUAL#

Note: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found.). What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay. Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019.